>> This is the first lecture
for engineering graphics, online section.
Things you need to do for the first week are access,
web access by going to this website here.
If you have any questions about web access let me know.
If you haven't had experience with it before.
Web access will contain all the class materials
for the whole semester so you need to check it regularly,
at least twice a week.
You need to review the syllabus carefully.
We'll do a little bit of that in this lecture.
You need to download, install AutoCAD on your computer
because the first lab will require you to have AutoCAD.
It's free.
Lectures -- all lectures are prerecorded like this one.
There will be two homework sets every week except
for this week, there's only one.
And homeworks will be Wednesdays and Sundays
and they will be clearly indicated in web access.
The same things for labs.
Due every week except this week again,
Wednesday and Sunday evenings.
And there will be quizzes that will be announced way in advance
and they will be done online.
Also due on Wednesdays.
However, we're going to have 3 tests and for the tests,
those will not be online.
You have to come to campus at Canada College.
Let me know if you have problems doing that.
Test schedules will be announced way in advance.
And we will not have a final exam.
Instead, we'll have a final project
and presentations will be the Friday before the final
exam week.
[ Background sounds ]
Let's look at our syllabus.
This is is engineering graphics online.
This is the first time I'm teaching this class online
and I'm Dr. Enriquez.
It's really easy to get a hold of me by e-mail.
Okay. I have office hours from 4 to 6 in the STEM Center
at Canada on Mondays and Wednesdays.
And I also have online office hours on Sundays 7
to 8 p.m. This is a 4 unit class.
So expect to spend maybe about 8 hours on this class every week,
at least depending on how good you are
with learning new software.
And here's the link for web access.
It will contain all the course materials over the semester.
Okay as I said, this is the first time offering this class.
We expect some changes as we go along the way.
Prerequisites for this class are either math 130 or math 222.
So you basically need a little bit
of trigonometry for this class.
Here's our textbook.
It's recommended but not required
because I will post all the required course materials
on web access.
Learning outcomes for the class.
What you're expected to learn from this class.
As I said, lectures will be prerecorded weekly
and it will be necessary for you
to watch the prerecorded lectures in order to be able
to do the homework for the week as well as the lab for the week.
Quizzes will be announced way in advance.
Okay? And it will be on Wednesdays.
There will be 3 tests which will account for 40%
of your semester grade and this test will be
on campus at Canada.
I will announce this way in advance.
For you'll have the opportunity to earn up to a maximum
of 15 bonus points by attending the weekly STEM Speaker Series
starts on September 30th on Wednesdays from 5 to 6 p.m.
And if you are unable to attend,
you can still earn this bonus point
by submitting two page reports on the speaker
and the topic covered for the day.
And a recording of this presentation will be posted
later on for you to review.
So in terms of bonus points, depending on the number
of times you attend the STEM Speaker Series, you can --
first time you attend, you'll get 5.
Second, 4 and then 3 and 3 up to a maximum of 15 bonus points.
Here's the grade distribution.
Thirty five percent on labs.
Ten percent on homework and quizzes.
Forty for tests and 15 for the final exam.
And here's the tentative schedule for the whole semester
and since it is the first time I'm offering this class online,
it's to be expected that there will be changes
as we go along the way.
And make sure that you keep updated on web access.
So this class is engineering graphics.
And it's really a real and complete language.
A lot of students think that graph --
engineering graphics is just
about AutoCAD and how it all works.
It's just about learning how to make drawings.
It's more than that.
It's a way of thinking.
It's a way of communicating, solving problems,
and also very important,
visualizing objects quickly and accurately.
Very, very important aspects of engineering.
And as well as conducting analysis.
In fact, in engineering 92%
of the design process is based on graphics.
And the other remaining 8% is between math.
You know in the design process, design is the process
of creating original solutions to some problems,
92% involves graphics.
Engineers and engineers' major activities.
Okay. Three D modeling and that kind
of course, it depends on the industry and your actual job.
So now since graphics involves communication, okay,
in order to make that communication easy we have
to adapt -- adopt some standards and conventions
so that we understand each other as we communicate.
Conventions are commonly accepted practices, rules,
and methods used in technical drawing.
On the other hand, standards are a little more rigid.
They are a set of rules
that govern how technical drawings are represented.
It allows for clear communication
of technical ideas.
And for the U.S. these rules are set
by the American National Standards Institute or ANSI.
Other professional organizations such ASME
or ASCE will have their own set of graphic standards.
So in terms of communicating,
let's start with some terminology
on the different type of lines, or alphabet of lines.
Center lines, okay, are lines that are used
to represent symmetry and paths of motion.
So they are used to mark centers of circles.
So center lines are usually long short long short lines
but they represent centers of symmetry
such as cylinders and circles.
Visible lines are object lines that are visible
from your current view and they are usually solid and thick.
Hidden lines are object lines that are currently visible
from your current view because it's being blocked
by some other features of the object.
And dimension extension lines are used to indicate the sizes
and locations of features in the drawing.
Section lines are associated with objects that have a lot
of internal features and we'll talk about all of these
in more detail later on.
Cutting plane lines are representing the position
of the cutting plane.
So here are the representation of the different types of lines.
Center lines, long short long.
Visible line is thick and solid.
Short break lines and so on and so --
hidden lines are thin and dashed.
Here's cutting plane line over here.
Here's an illustration of how these lines are used.
These different types of lines are used
in an engineering drawing.
So if the arrowhead for the dimension line,
here's the dimension.
Telling me how long that feature is and extension line
or [inaudible] line points to specific locations in object.
Here's a center line.
In engineering, of course, we have the traditional tools.
We still do a lot of sketching by hand.
So we will need -- you will need pencils,
regular pencil, mechanical pencil.
You're going to need also compass for this class.
Triangles would be very useful.
You're going to need at least two.
One that's 45, 45.
Another that's 30 and 60.
And the longer the bigger the triangles,
the easier it will be for you.
Don't buy the ones that are really, really tiny.
Scales or there's engineering scales with a regular rule
with one side in inches and millimeters and centimeters
on the other side will be sufficient.
We don't really need this anymore, protractors.
Maybe. We don't templates.
We're going to do them by hand, freehand.
Here's an illustration of mechanical engineer's scale.
So an inch is generally divided -- a mechanical engineer's,
it's not divided into sixteenths.
Most rulers it's one sixteenth like this one here.
It's divided into sixteenths.
So each tick mark here would correspond
to one sixteenth of an inch.
For the millimeter side, okay it's way easier
because from here to here is 1 centimeter.
Okay equals to 10 millimeters.
I'm assuming that you know that from your previous math
or maybe science courses.
Here's an illustration of how to read those scales.
Okay. This one is for inches.
So it's divided into 16.
Each inch is divided into 16 parts.
So each tiny little space here corresponds to one sixteenth.
Here's the one for metric.
Some illustrations of 52.5 millimeters.
Okay. In addition to the traditional tools of pencil
and paper and scales, we're going to do a lot
of computer-aided design.
So in this class, we're going to using a CAD system
which consists of the hardware, the computer, in combination
with specific software.
Okay. So the CAD system consists both
of the hardware and the software.
And for this class we're going
to be using 2 software applications for CAD.
Auto-CAD 2015 and SolidWorks 2015.
And we're going to start for the first part of the course
with AutoCAD and the last part would be SolidWorks.
As part of your first homework, you're going
to do freehand sketches.
Okay? So we're going to talk about, a little bit
about sketching which is the process
of creating a rough preliminary drawing representing the
main features.
Common types of projections, so the problem with sketching
if you're representing our 3 dimensional world
in to a 2 dimensional space which the plane of your paper
and in order to do that we need to apply a projection.
It project through the object to the space of the paper
and some common types of projections are multiview,
axonometric, oblique, and perspective.
We're going to talk about this in detail in week 3.
Here is some illustration
of the classification of typical sketches.
Multiview is showing more than one view of the same object.
It is called a top view.
This one is the front view and this is the right side view.
Okay. Axonometric, on the other hand, okay,
you'll view the object at certain angles
so that you see simultaneously the front top
and the front spaces of your object.
Oblique is another way
of capturing the 3 primary surfaces.
Perspective is also another one.
We'll talk about all of this in detail later on.
Sketching is very, very important in the design process.
This is a schematic of the main steps
or processes involved in designing.
We have ideation which involves identifying the problem,
generating preliminary ideas, and preliminary design.
And then you have your refinement.
We select a few or several of the preliminary ideas
and you try to start analyzing them, okay?
Then you have your implementation.
We actually implement the design
that you think would best solve the problem.
All throughout the process, sketching is involved.
So as engineers, we need to be able
to quickly capture your ideas and put them on sketches.
And the sketching process is an interactive process
that involves seeing.
Actually there's an image in your head
that you try to represent, okay?
So the process involves us seeing,
imagining, and representing.
There's -- so just like anything, sketching is a skill
that can be developed by practice.
And there are some techniques
that you can practice to do that.
First is contour sketching when you focus
on sketching the outline of the object.
The contours are the edges of the object, lines separating,
contrasting light or color, changes in surfaces,
and overlapping parts.
And the idea is you focus on the object that you are trying
to sketch and you move your pencil across the paper
as your eye scans the outline of the object.
So imagine your eyes following the outline of the object
and as your eyes are moving, your sketch,
your pencil is following the motion of your eyes
around the outline of the object.
Another technique is negative space sketching.
When you focus on the space that's
between the objects rather
than the object themselves. I will illustrate that.
And third one is upside down sketching
where in you catch an object not its normal position but upside
down so that you can focus on the shape and the forms
of the object rather than your idea of what
that object should be.
Okay. So here's an example of contour sketching.
It is a stapler, okay and all you do is you --
this contour right here of the stapler is generated
by what using your eyes
and following the contours of this picture.
And as your eyes are moving, your pencil sort
of follows the movement of the eye.
You focus on the object rather than on the paper.
Here's an example of negative space sketching.
Okay? So you focus on the space rather than on the objects.
Lettering standards, okay and also part
of communication would be words.
So we try to make -- we're engineers.
So we start to make our letters as simple as possible.
So we use Gothic style, commonly vertical sometimes also inclined
and we always use capital letters, okay?
With a minimum height for the text.
Here's how you would create vertical Gothic letters just
following the pen strokes.
So from now on whenever you're turning
in any work that's generated with pencil and paper,
whenever you turn it, I want you
to start practicing vertical Gothic letters
when you write your name.
Okay. An illustration of how you can use -- down here.
Okay? How can you like vertical lines in orders to make sure
that your lines or letters stay in vertical.
Some uses of text on drawings will be for title blocks,
revision block, bill of materials, and some --
any general notes that will be helpful
in conveying additional ideas about your drawing.
Here's an example here.
Here's the revision block.
Revised it and when.
Here's the parts list or what they call bill of materials.
The title block.
Okay and some general notes also.
Note this in all of these, we use, try to use
vertical Gothic letters.
Now fortunately for us, we now have computers
and free sophisticated software that we can use
to generate engineering drawings.
So we're going to start AutoCAD.
We'll give you a short tour of AutoCAD.
It has some of the general features
of a standard windows program.
And we'll take a tour of AutoCAD.
Command window.
It's very, very important because this is your way
of communicating to and AutoCAD communicating back to you.
Always pay attention what AutoCAD wants you to do.
Most of the time there's more than one way
of starting a command.
You can either use a menu or toolbar.
Okay? And sometimes you can also do shortcuts.
Escape when you're stuck.
Just always either press escape, okay,
or you can also do an online help.
Let's do a quick tour of AutoCAD.
And AutoCAD window here.
Okay so this is the title bar indicating the name
of the program.
So right now I have the -- okay so let's start a new drawing.
Okay new. And let's just say we open say new template imperial.
Imperial means that your units will be in inches.
Okay? By default this menu bars up here.
Okay pull down menus are probably not available.
So let me turn that on.
Turn hide menu.
So when you first open your AutoCAD,
it'll probably look like this.
And you have here your home and the commands, okay.
Or grouped, you see these are the drawing commands,
creating lines, polylines, circles and so on.
Okay and these are the modify commands.
Annotation commands.
Layers. Okay, we'll talk about those layers.
Properties.
Commands and some utilities for measuring angles and areas
and so on and so forth.
Okay? This is your main drawing area here.
Okay? And this is your command line here.
This is the one that will -- you can either type command,
however, this command line is
where AutoCAD will communicate back to you
when it wants you to do something.
So, for instance, if I say I want to create a circle.
Click on the circle.
Okay? And then here's what AutoCAD says.
It says please specify the center point of the circle.
So when you're creating a circle,
one way to create a circle is to first specify the center.
How do you specify the center?
You can either click here for the location of the center
of the circle or you can type the coordinates here
in the command line.
You can say zero zero zero means x is equal to zero, y is equzl to zero, or just click.
And then when I click, AutoCAD down here asks me again.
Now you've told me what the center is, what is the radius?
Now you have to type the radius of the circle.
Let's say 3.
Then it is created.
Okay? So it's very important
to always pay attention to this command line.
By the way, if I accidentally lost their command line,
I believe you can go recover by doing control 9.
Control 9 will turn on and off your command line.
Down here would be your status bar.
This here, indications of your the current location
of your coordinates of your cursor.
So this x, y is something called a user coordinate system.
Okay defines the x and y direction.
And your origin.
These are the x coordinate, y coordinate and z coordinate.
Right now we're [inaudible] so the z coordinate is always 0.
Okay? And these things are very important.
Okay these are drafting utilities.
So this one here is your display grid on and off.
So if I click on that it becomes on.
It's a toggle, off.
So here's now -- similar -- so here's the grid on and off.
Here's the snap on and off.
Now let's see what the difference is
between the snap being on and off.
When it's on, when I'm trying to locate points,
if you notice look at the --
if you look at the coordinates here, okay.
They only change by .5 because it only snaps
from 1 grid line to another.
Okay? That's what it means by snap.
Now if turn the snap off here, notice that this coordinates,
you know, vary continously.
It doesn't go just from .5 to 0.
Okay? So if it's on, it just jumps along the gridlines.
Now the spacing can be changed by doing snap setting.
Okay? Right now it's .5.
It's on. You can also change the grid setting.
It's on. Right now .5.
Okay. So those are your drafting aids
that help you more quickly locate points
on your drawing area.
Other things here are --
this one is also very useful or orthogonal.
It just is on when I'm creating lines.
My lines can only go perfectly either horizontally
or vertically.
Even if my cursor location is slightly off,
it's perfectly vertical
or perfectly horizontal because of orhto.
This is called ortho.
Another very important drafting aid is,
let's turn -- this one here.
This snap very important.
It's snap to specific locations and if either right mouse click
on it, okay an object's snap.
Okay this is the different settings.
You can go to end points exactly on the end points
or center a midpoint quadrant interception of objects
that are already on the screen.
So, for instance, never rely on your eyeball.
Okay? So for instance, if this is up and I want
to make a line starting from the center of the line
or the circle, okay and going to the end of this line,
I can approximately do that by -- I'm relying on my eyes.
Now I'm on the end but it's probably not perfect
and it's very dangerous because it looks almost square
but it's really not.
On the other hand, if I turn on the snap, I can create a line
that is perfectly at the center.
So when you see the circle, green circle symbol
that means I'm exactly at the center.
Even though my cursor's slightly off.
I'm actually exactly the center of the circle
and similarly here, okay,
I can go to the exact end point of the line.
Okay? So if you look at the difference between the two.
One of them is -- oh by the way, to zoom in
and out I'm just using my scroll on my mouse.
So it's clearly one of them is perfectly
at the center of the circle.
[Inaudible].
I think I'm going to stop here.
What I want you to do next is watch the video on lab 1.
That will be very helpful for you to do your lab number 1.